Effect of nutrition education integrating the health belief model and theory of planned behavior during pregnancy on gestational weight gain and birth weight in Southeast Ethiopia using complex analyses

Table 2 Comparison of the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior constructs between and within the intervention and control groups during pregnancy in Southeast Ethiopia, 2021

HBM and TPB constructs	Study period	HBM and TPB constructs score		P
HBM and TPB constructs	Study period	Control group, Mean ± SD	Intervention group, Mean ± SD	P
Perceived susceptibility	Baseline Endline P	5.27 ± 2.2 5.46 ± 1.95 0.04	5.33 ± 2.48 7.43 ± 1.74 < 0.0001	0.80 < 0.0001
Perceived severity	Baseline Endline P	8.05 ± 2.70) 8.57 ± 2.49) < 0.0001	7.34 ± 2.72 8.30 ± 2.36 < 0.0001	0.006 0.25
Perceived Benefit	Baseline Endline P	11.04 ± 1.66 10.86 ± 1.79 0.10	11.46 ± 1.42 11.57 ± 1.22 0.07	0.004 < 0.0001
Perceived barriers	Baseline Endline P	8.55 ± 2.71 9.25 ± 2.88 < 0.0001	8.20 ± 2.43 7.88 ± 2.54 0.02	0.39 < 0.0001
Cues to action	Baseline Endline P	11.0 ± 2.61 11.61 ± 1.44 < 0.0001	11.65 ± 1.15 11.55 ± 1.19 0.25	< 0.0001 0.57
Self-efficacy	Baseline Endline P	9.22 ± 2.07 9.55 ± 11.81 < 0.0001	9.93 ± 2.28 10.58 ± 1.69 < 0.0001	0.001 < 0.0001
Attitude	Baseline Endline P	13.32 ± 1.66 13.61 ± 1.69 0.002	12.32 ± 3.84 14.23 ± 1.49 < 0.0001	< 0.0001 < 0.0001
Subjective norm	Baseline Endline P	13.46 ± 1.55 13.80 ± 1.39 < 0.0001	12.89 ± 3.71 14.29 ± 1.51 < 0.0001	0.04 < 0.0001
Perceived behavioral control	Baseline Endline P	7.48 ± 2.25 8.17 ± 1.92 < 0.0001	7.92 ± 2.44 9.37 ± 1.40 < 0.0001	0.04 < 0.0001
Behavioral intention	Baseline Endline P	31.62 ± 3.52 32.91 ± 2.39 < 0.0001	30.30 ± 8.07 33.64 ± 2.71 < 0.0001	0.02 0.003

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