Table 2 Associations of Pre-existing Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes with Preterm Birth by Race/ethnicity
Variables | Non-diabetes | Gestational diabetes | Pre-pregnancy diabetes | P for interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Preterm Birth | ||||
 Hispanic | 1.00 (ref) | 1.48 (1.46–1.50) | 3.02 (2.95–3.09) |  < 0.0001 |
 non-Hispanic white | 1.00 (ref) | 1.44 (1.43–1.45) | 4.01 (3.94–4.09) | |
 non-Hispanic black | 1.00 (ref) | 1.45 (1.42–1.47) | 3.16 (3.08–3.24) | |
 non-Hispanic Asian | 1.00 (ref) | 1.38 (1.35–1.40) | 2.22 (2.11–2.34) | |
 Other | 1.00 (ref) | 1.39 (1.35–1.44) | 3.36 (3.19–3.53) | |
Moderately preterm birth | ||||
 Hispanic | 1.00 (ref) | 1.57 (1.53–1.62) | 3.12 (2.95–3.31) | 0.0002 |
 non-Hispanic white | 1.00 (ref) | 1.56 (1.52–1.59) | 4.10 (3.93–4.29) | |
 non-Hispanic black | 1.00 (ref) | 1.56 (1.50–1.63) | 3.37 (3.16–3.59) | |
 non-Hispanic Asian | 1.00 (ref) | 1.48 (1.41–1.56) | 2.16 (1.90–2.46) | |
 Other | 1.00 (ref) | 1.43 (1.33–1.54) | 3.17 (2.79–3.61) | |
Very preterm birth | ||||
 Hispanic | 1.00 (ref) | 1.25 (1.13–1.38) | 3.24 (2.78–3.79) | 0.0002 |
 non-Hispanic white | 1.00 (ref) | 1.09 (1.01–1.19) | 3.52 (3.09–4.02) | |
 non-Hispanic black | 1.00 (ref) | 1.19 (1.07–1.33) | 3.32 (2.89–3.83) | |
 non-Hispanic Asian | 1.00 (ref) | 1.23 (1.05–1.44) | 2.18 (1.51–3.16) | |
 Other | 1.00 (ref) | 1.32 (1.06–1.64) | 2.88 (2.04–4.09) | |
Extremely preterm birth | ||||
 Hispanic | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.88 (1.52–2.32) |  < 0.0001 |
 non-Hispanic white | 1.00 (ref) | – | 2.55 (2.14–3.05) | |
 non-Hispanic black | 1.00 (ref) | – | 2.03 (1.17–2.40) | |
 non-Hispanic Asian | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.99 (1.27–3.11) | |
 Other | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.73 (1.09–2.73) | |