Table 1 Main characteristics of included studies
Author | Species | Strain | Model | Moment FGR induction (GA in days) | Label | N | Type of CCS | Dosage CCS | Dosage CCS (mg/kg) | Schedule CCS (GA in days) | Moment euthanasia (GA in days) | Term GA (days) | Fetal weight (grams) | Other reported outcomes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-FGR – placebo | Non-FGR – CCS | FGR – placebo | FGR—CCS | ||||||||||||||
Lechner (1987) [24] | Guinea pig | Hartley | Starvation | 45-term | 140 | Dexamethasone | 2.0 mg | 2 | 55-term, daily | 70 | 104 ± 4 | 104 ± 5 | 69 ± 3ⁱⁱ | 66 ± 3ⁱⁱ | Lung development, stillbirth | ||
Manniello (1977) [25] | Rat | Sprague–Dawley | Uterine vessel ligation | 17–19 | 528 | 9-α-fluoroprednisoIone acetate | 1 mg/kg | 1 | 24 and 48 h prior delivery | 22 | 22 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Glucose metabolism | |
McKendry (2010) [26] | Guinea pig | Tricolour | Ablation of uterine artery branches | 30–35 | Male Female | 24 19 | Betamethasone | 1 mg/kg | 1 | 61–65, daily | 65 | 70 | 77.8 ± 4.22 78.56 ± 3.96 | 95.51 ± 4.82* 83.42 ± 10.63 | 53.72 ± 5.60ⁱ 52.12 ± 4.59ⁱ | 67.78 ± 4.26 70.08 ± 5.73 | Brain weight, brain development |
Miller (2007) [28] | Sheep | Border-Leicester Merino | SUAL | 108 | 18 | Betamethasone | 11.4 mg | 0.15 | 113 and 114 | 115 | 154 | 2430 ± 90 | 1770 ± 70** | 1690 ± 220** | 1500 ± 150** | Brain weight, brain development | |
Miller (2012) [27] | Sheep | SUAL | 108 | Male Female | 61 37 | Betamethasone | 11.4 mg | 0.15 | 113 and 114 | 115 | 154 | 1880 ± 80 2080 ± 120 | 1670 ± 50* 1650 ± 80* | 1530 ± 80* 1630 ± 120* | 1450 ± 60* ⁱ 1280 ± 70* ⁱ | Brain weight | |
Sutherland (2012) [30] | Sheep | Border-Leicester Merino | SUAL | 108 | 36 | Betamethasone | 11.4 mg | 0.15 | 113 and 114 | 115 | 154 | 1990 ± 110 | 1640 ± 100* | 1680 ± 110ⁱ 1680 ± 76ⁱ | 1410 ± 110* ⁱ | Lung development, glucose metabolism | |
Sutherland (2020) [31] | Sheep | Border-Leicester Merino | SUAL | 108 | Short-term Long-term | 34 28 | Betamethasone | 11.4 mg | 0.15 | 113 and 114 | 115 125 | 154 | 1990 ± 110 3310 ± 200 | 1640 ± 100** 2530 ± 100** | 1680 ± 110ⁱⁱ 2700 ± 150ⁱⁱ | 1410 ± 100** ⁱⁱ 2160 ± 170** ⁱⁱ | Brain weight, brain development |
Tare (2012) [29] | Sheep | SUAL | 108 | 24 | Betamethasone | 11.4 mg | 0.15 | 113 and 114 | 115 | 154 | 1939 ± 105 | 1723 ± 93 | 1473 ± 76ⁱ | 1314 ± 89ⁱ | Heart | ||