Table 1 Characteristics of GDM patients with and without PTB
Variables | Total n = 1860 | Non-PTB n = 1728 | PTB n = 132 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age, years, Mean ± SD | 30.32 ± 3.77 | 30.28 ± 3.77 | 30.84 ± 3.69 | 0.097 |
Age group, n (%) | 0.179 | |||
< 30 | 863(46.4) | 812(47.0) | 51(38.6) | |
30–35 | 728(39.1) | 669(38.7) | 59(44.7) | |
≥ 35 | 269(14.5) | 247(14.3) | 22(16.7) | |
Education, n (%) | 0.663 | |||
Up to high school | 381(20.5) | 352(20.4) | 19(22.0) | |
College or higher | 1478(79.5) | 1375(79.6) | 103(78.0) | |
Gravidity, n (%) | 0.145 | |||
1 | 817(43.9) | 751(43.5) | 66(50.0) | |
≥ 2 | 1043(56.1) | 977(56.5) | 66(50.0) | |
Nulliparity, n (%) | 0.028 | |||
No | 642(34.5) | 608(35.2) | 34(25.7) | |
Yes | 1218(66.5) | 1120(64.8) | 98(74.3) | |
DM Family history, n (%) | 0.257 | |||
No | 1661(89.3) | 1547(89.5) | 114(86.4) | |
Yes | 199(10.7) | 181(10.5) | 18(13.6) | |
Pre-pregnancy BW, kg, Mean ± SD | 55.01 ± 7.80 | 55.05 ± 7.80 | 54.44 ± 7.79 | 0.389 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2, Mean ± SD | 21.76 ± 2.80 | 21.76 ± 2.81 | 21.68 ± 2.73 | 0.742 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI group, n (%) a | 0.702 | |||
Underweight | 195(10.5) | 183(10.6) | 12(9.1) | |
Normal weight | 1424(76.5) | 1319(76.3) | 105(79.5) | |
Overweight or obesity | 241(13.0) | 226(13.1) | 15(11.4) | |
TC, mmol/L, Mean ± SD | 4.42 ± 0.78 | 4.42 ± 0.78 | 4.48 ± 0.79 | 0.372 |
HDL-c, mmol/L, Mean ± SD | 1.70 ± 0.37 | 1.70 ± 0.37 | 1.73 ± 0.37 | 0.381 |
LDL-c, mmol/L, Mean ± SD | 2.19 ± 0.57 | 2.19 ± 0.57 | 2.19 ± 0.58 | 0.865 |
TG, mmol/L, Mean ± SD | 1.37 ± 0.61 | 1.37 ± 0.61 | 1.43 ± 0.63 | 0.233 |
Early FPG, mmol/L, Mean ± SD | 4.67 ± 0.38 | 4.67 ± 0.38 | 4.64 ± 0.38 | 0.301 |
Gestational age for OGTT, weeks, Mean ± SD | 25.75 ± 1.05 | 25.76 ± 1.06 | 25.64 ± 0.96 | 0.186 |
OGTT0, mmol/L, Mean ± SD | 4.70 ± 0.46 | 4.70 ± 0.46 | 4.77 ± 0.51 | 0.095 |
OGTT1, mmol/L, Mean ± SD | 9.85 ± 1.35 | 9.84 ± 1.33 | 9.98 ± 1.56 | 0.265 |
OGTT2, mmol/L, Mean ± SD | 8.74 ± 1.18 | 8.72 ± 1.19 | 8.92 ± 1.13 | 0.062 |
OGTT0 group, n (%) | 0.664 | |||
< 5.1 | 1465(78.8) | 1363(78.9) | 101(77.3) | |
≥ 5.1 | 395(21.2) | 365(21.1) | 30(22.7) | |
OGTT1 group, n (%) | 0.547 | |||
< 10 | 869(46.7) | 804(46.5) | 65(49.2) | |
≥ 10 | 991(53.3) | 924(53.5) | 67(50.8) | |
OGTT2 group, n (%) | 0.365 | |||
< 8.5 | 558(30.0) | 523(30.3) | 35(26.5) | |
≥ 8.5 | 1302(70.0) | 1205(69.7) | 110(73.5) | |
GWG, kg, Mean ± SD | 11.25 ± 4.09 | 11.40 ± 4.06 | 9.31 ± 3.99 | < 0.001 |
GWG group, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Adequate | 668(35.9) | 632(36.6) | 36(27.3) | |
Insufficient | 935(50.3) | 845(48.9) | 90(68.2) | |
Excessive | 257(13.8) | 251(14.5) | 6(4.5) | |
ART, n (%) | 0.014 | |||
No | 1772(95.3) | 1652(95.6) | 120(90.9) | |
Yes | 88(4.7) | 76(4.4) | 12(9.1) | |
Delivery mode, n (%) | 0.108 | |||
Vaginal delivery | 1082(58.2) | 1014(58.7) | 68(51.5) | |
Cesarean Delivery | 778(41.8) | 714(41.3) | 64(48.5) | |
PROM | < 0.001 | |||
No | 1424(76.6) | 1366(79.1) | 58(43.9) | |
Yes | 436(23.4) | 362(20.9) | 74(56.1) | |
Birth height, cm, Mean ± SD | 48.83 ± 2.61 | 49.10 ± 2.31 | 45.30 ± 3.58 | < 0.001 |
Birth weight, g, Mean ± SD | 3179.62 ± 447.15 | 3234.60 ± 396.62 | 2459.81 ± 449.02 | < 0.001 |
Macrosomia, n (%) | 0.103 | |||
No | 1813(97.5) | 1681(97.5) | 132(100.0) | |
Yes | 47(2.5) | 47(2.7) | 0(0.0) | |
LBW, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 1760(94.6) | 1685(97.5) | 75(56.8) | |
Yes | 100(5.4) | 43(2.5) | 57(43.2) |