Table 3 Percent distribution of women aged 15–49 by background characteristics with recent births, 1992–2018 DHS, Zambia
From: Trends, spatial distribution and determinants of maternal home deliveries in Zambia
Background Characteristics | 1992 DHS | 1996 DHS | 2001/2 DHS | 2007 DHS | 2013/14 DHS | 2018 DHS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 6230 | N = 7136 | N = 6594 | N = 6394 | N = 13,211 | N = 9731 | |
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
15–24 | 2347(37.65%) | 2802(39.26%) | 2519(38.16%) | 2023(31.63%) | 4096(31.01%) | 3366(34.59%) |
25–34 | 1592(25.53%) | 1744(24.44%) | 1748(26.48%) | 1814 (28.34%) | 3421.(25.90%) | 2334(23.99%) |
35–49 | 2295(36.82%) | 2590(36.29%) | 2334(35.36%) | 2558(40.00%) | 5693(43.10%) | 4032(41.43%) |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Single | 343(17.04%) | 350(5.02%) | 389(5.89%) | 384 (6.01%) | 991(7.50%) | 1094(11.24%) |
Married | 5293(84.90%) | 5926(83.06%) | 5494(83.22%) | 5431(84.95%) | 10,870(82.29%) | 7582(77.91%) |
Widowed/Separated/Divorced | 598(9.59%) | 850(11.91%) | 719(10.89%) | 578(9.03% | 1348(10.21%) | 1856(10.85%) |
Education status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No education | 1062(17.04%) | 979(13.72%) | 971(14.71%) | 859(13.43%) | 1464(11.09%) | 976(10.03%) |
Primary | 3926(63.00%) | 4587(64.30%) | 4204(63.68%) | 4073(63.70%) | 7395(56.01%) | 4938(50.74%) |
Secondary | 1142(18.32%) | 1434(20.10%) | 1325(20.07%) | 1306(20.41%) | 3878(29.38%) | 3429.3(35.24%) |
Higher | 103(1.65%) | 134(1.88%) | 101(1.54%) | 157(2.45%) | 465(3.32%) | 388(3.99%) |
Place of residence | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Urban | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Rural | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Wealth status** | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Poor | Â | Â | Â | 2943(46.04%) | 6195(46.90%) | 4558(46.84%) |
Middle | Â | Â | Â | 1347(21.06%) | 2707(20.50%) | 1800(18.50%) |
Rich | Â | Â | Â | 2104(32.90%) | 4308(32.61%) | 3373(34.66%) |
Sex of household head | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 5602(89.86%) | 5975(83.73%) | 5568(84.36%) | 5330(83.36%) | 10,662(8.71%) | 7773(70.88%) |
Female | 632(10.14%) | 1161(16.27%) | 1033(15.64%) | 1004(16.64%) | 2548(1929%) | 1959(20.13%) |
Access to media ** | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | Â | Â | Â | 3522(44.90%) | 6033(45.67%) | 3821(39.26%) |
Yes | Â | Â | Â | 3523(55.10%) | 7177(54.33%) | 5911(60.74%) |
Religious denomination | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Catholic | 1736(27.87%) | 1696(23.87%) | 1502(22.78%) | 1214(19.02%) | 2167(16.44%) | 1559(16.02%) |
Protestants | 4308(69.14%) | 5300(74.56%) | 4966(75.32%) | 5046(79.02%) | 10,855(82.34%) | 8013(82.34%) |
Muslims | 20(0.32%) | 24(0.34%) | 11(0.16% | 34(0.53%) | 51(0.39%) | 48(0.49%) |
Other | 165(2.6^%) | 88(1.23%) | 115(1.74%) | 89(1.39%) | 105(0.80%) | 111(1.145%) |
Parity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
1 child | 876(14.05%)| | 955(13.38%) | 944(14.30%) | 773(12.09%) | 1860(14.08%) | 1803(18.53%) |
2 to 4 children | 2823(45.28%) | 3494(48.97%) | 3291(49.86%) | 3237(50.62%) | 6468(48.96%) | 4893(50.28%) |
5 or more children | 2535(40.67%) | 2687(37.65%) | 2366(35.84%) | 2389(37.29%) | 4883*36.96%) | 3036(31.19%) |
ANC visit | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 390(6.41%) | 262(3.76%) | 179(4.19%) | 89(2.18%) | 126(1.38%) | 77(1.78%) |
Yes | 5691(93.59%) | 6709(96.24%) | 4094(95.81%) | 3975(97.81%) | 9006(98.62%) | 7100(98.92%) |
Employment status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Not working | 2840(45.56%) | 3532(49.54%) | 2658(40.29%) | 3186(49.89%) | 5906(44.86%) | 5133(52.75%) |
Working | 3393(54.44%) | 3597(50.45%) | 3938(59.71%) | 3200(50.11%) | 7259(55.14%) | 4598(47.25%) |
Selected community factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Place of residence | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Urban | 2906(46.62%) | 2845(39.87%) | 2043(30.94%) | 1871(29.26%) | 4554(34.47%) | 3475(35.71%) |
Rural | 3328(53.38%) | 4291(60.14%) | 4559(69.06%) | 4523(70.74%) | 8657(65.53%) | 6257(5 = 64.29%) |
Region | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Central | 600(9.62%) | 585(8.12%) | 501(7.59%) | 627(9.81%) | 1278(9.68%) | 844(8.67%) |
Copperbelt | 1440(23.10%) | 11,339(18.76%) | 1054(15.97%) | 872(13.64%) | 1726(13.06%) | 1198(12.32%) |
Eastern | 653(10.47%) | 1095(15.34%) | 880(13.33%)| | 1011(15.89%) | 1701(12.87%) | 1290(13.25%) |
Luapula | 419(6.72%) | 671(9.40%) | 623(9.43%) | 575(9.00%) | 1181(8.94%) | 945(9.71%) |
Lusaka | 944(15.13%) | 1071(15.02%) | 805(12.18%) | 734(11.47%) | 1953(9.58%) | 1523(15.71%) |
Muchinga | Â | Â | Â | Â | 804(6.09%) | 594(6.10%) |
Northern | 658(10.56%) | 863(12.10%) | 1003(15.19%) | 1037(16.21%) | 1265(9.58) | 884(9.08%) |
North-western | 172(2.76%) | 287(4.02%) | 355(5.38%) | 4001(6.27%) | 665(5.03%) | 529(5.43%) |
Southern | 1013(16.25%) | 764(10.71%) | 755(11.44%) | 680(10.64%) | 1787(13.53%) | 1293(13.28%) |
Western | 337(5.40%) | 460(6.44%) | 626(11.41%) | 458(7.14%) | 849(6.43%) | 627(6.44%) |
Community education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Low | 209(3.35%) | 263(3.68%) | 328(4.97%) | 413(6.46%) | 1698(12.85%) | 1748(17.96%) |
Medium | 2254(36.15) | 2584(36.21%) | 2151(32.59%) | 2233(34.92%) | 6469(48.97%) | 4776(49.07%) |
High | 3771(60.49%) | 4289(60.11%) | 4121(62.43%) | 3748(58.62%) | 5043(38.18%) | 3208(32.96%) |
Community media access** | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Low | Â | Â | Â | 539(8.43%) | 1525(11.54%) | 530(5.45%) |
Medium | Â | Â | Â | 4593(71.84%) | 8855(67.03%) | 6001(61.66%) |
high | Â | Â | Â | 1262(19.74%) | 2831(21.42%) | 3201(32.89%) |
Community employment status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
low | 425(6.81%) | 274(3.84%) | 1342(20.32%) | 245*3.83%) | 1318(9.98%) | 223(2.29%) |
Medium | 2054(32.94%) | 2254(31.60%) | 1934(29.28%) | 1895(29.63%) | 4342(32.86%) | 2422(24.89) |
high | 3756(60.25%) | 4607(64.56%) | 3327(50.41%) | 4254(66.54%) | 7551(58.16%) | 7087(72.82%) |