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Table 3 Sensitivity analyses using a case-by-case exclusion method

From: Human milk composition in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author,Year

MD [95% CI]

Colostrum

Carbohydrates

Colostrum Protein

Colostrum

Lipids

Colostrum Energy

Mature milk

Carbohydrates

Mature milk Protein

Mature milk Lipids

Mature milk Energy

Chertok 2017

-0.14 [-0.49, 0.22]

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Chertok 2020 [18]

-0.16 [-0.52, 0.21]

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Dugas 2023 [19]

-

-

-

-

0.06[-0.12, 0.25]

0.01[0.00, 0.02]

0.18[0.06, 0.30]

1.58[-1.24, 4.39]

Shapira 2019 [21]

-0.18[-0.57, 0.20]

0.04[0.00, 0.07]

0.03[-0.19, 0.25]

2.14[-2.36, 6.63]

0.04[-0.17, 0.24]

0.01[0.00, 0.02]

0.21[0.09, 0.33]

2.87[0.91, 4.82]

Hui Ye 2021 [24]

-0.30[-0.73, 0.13]

0.04[0.00, 0.07]

-0.00[-0.36, 0.36]

1.75[-4.40, 7.91]

0.03[-0.20, 0.26]

0.01[0.00, 0.02]

0.18[0.06, 0.30]

1.47[-1.76, 4.71]

Kalliopi Dritsakou 2016 [22]

-0.32[-0.80, 0.17]

0.04[0.01, 0.07]

-0.04[-0.29, 0.21]

-0.33[-2.12, 1.47]

0.07[-0.15, 0.29]

0.01[0.00, 0.02]

0.20[0.08, 0.33]

1.14[-1.89, 4.17]

Korkut 2022 [20]

-0.34[-0.61, -0.07]

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Song Lin 2020 [25]

-

-

-

-

-0.03[-0.14, 0.09]

0.01[0.00, 0.02]

0.22[0.10, 0.34]

2.38[-0.84, 5.61]

Yacong Cheng 2024 [23]

-0.28[-0.81, 0.25]

-0.20[-0.56, 0.16]

 

1.60[-4.92, 8.11]

0.03[-0.13, 0.19]

-0.00[-0.06,0.05]

0.11[-0.10, 0.32]

1.82[-2.21, 5.85]

Results

-0.24[-0.59, 0.12]

0.04[0.00, 0.07]

-0.00[-0.21, 0.21]

1.33[-2.88, 5.53]

0.03[-0.16, 0.23]

0.01[0.00, 0.02]

0.19[0.08, 0.31]

1.98[-0.71, 4.66]