Table 5 Logistic regression to assess the relative odds of having a stillbirth

Mother’s age (years)

 < 20

Ref

Ref

 20–29

2.4 (1.1, 5.6)

0.04

2.84 (0.9, 9.2)

0.08

 30–39

3.0 (1.3, 7.1)

0.01

2.90 (0.8, 10.5)

0.10

 40 + 

8.3 (2.7, 24.9)

 < 0.001

5.54 (1.1, 26.9)

0.03

Mothers educational level

 None

Ref

Ref

 Primary

0.4 (0.2, 0.8)

 < 0.01

0.40 (0.2, 0.9)

0.02

 JHS/Middle School

0.3 (0.2, 0.6)

 < 0.001

0.37 (0.2, 0.7)

 < 0.01

 SHS/O&A Level

0.3 (0.2, 0.5)

 < 0.001

0.35 (0.2, 0.7)

 < 0.01

 Tertiary

0.2 (0.1, 0.4)

 < 0.001

0.22 (0.1, 0.5)

 < 0.001

Mother’s employment

 Unemployed

Ref

Ref

 Employed (Formal)

1.8 (1.1, 3.0)

0.04

2.55 (1.2, 5.3)

0.01

 Employed (Informal)

2.3 (1.2, 4.1)

 < 0.01

2.69 (1.2, 5.8)

0.01

Father’s age (years)

 20–29

Ref

Ref

 30–39

1.4 (0.8, 2.3)

0.25

0.73 (0.3, 1.6)

0.42

 40 + 

1.9 (1.1, 3.4)

0.02

0.71 (0.3, 1.8)

0.47

Number of ANC visits

 < 4

Ref

Ref

 4 + 

0.5 (0.3, 0.7)

 < 0.001

0.57 (0.3, 0.9)

0.04

Mode of delivery

 Vaginal

Ref

Ref

 C-Section

2.1 (1.5, 2.9)

 < 0.001

1.91 (1.26, 2.89)

 < 0.01

Mother’s blood pressure

 Normotensive (< 140/90 mmHg)

Ref

Ref

 < 0.01

 Hypertensive (≥ 140/90 mmHg)

2.49 (1.8, 3.5)

 < 0.001

1.87 (1.2, 2.8)

Blood group

 O + 

Ref

Ref

 O –

2.4 (1.1, 5.6)

0.05

1.9 (0.7, 5.3)

0.21

 A + 

0.7 (0.4, 1.2)

0.26

0.7 (0.4, 1.2)

0.23

 A –

0.8 (0.2, 2.9)

0.69

0.4 (0.1, 2.4)

0.34

 B + 

0.9 (0.6, 1.4)

0.65

0.8 (0.5, 1.3)

0.47

 AB + 

1.3 (0.6, 2.6)

0.50

0.9 (0.4, 2.4)

0.94

Birth weight

 Normal (≥ 2.5 kg)

Ref

Ref

 Underweight (< 2.5 kg)

8.6 (5.4, 13.5)

 < 0.001

8.7 (5.2, 14.7)

 < 0.001