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Table 3 Longitudinal mixed effects models evaluating the effects of the M-DEPTH intervention, and change in depression, on measures of HIV viral suppression and ART adherence over 18 months of post-partum follow-up

From: Effects of M-DEPTH model of depression care on maternal depression, functioning, and HIV care adherence, and infant developmental over eighteen months post-partum: results from a cluster randomized controlled trial

 

HIV viral load (log10)

Undetectable HIV viral load

Good ART adherence

Model of effect of intervention

Joint significance tests

F(df); p

F(df); p

F(df); p

Time

7.8 (3, 791); <0.0001

6.6 (3, 791); 0.0002

3.7 (3, 946); 0.012

Time X intervention

1.3 (4, 791); 0.28

0.95 (4, 791); 0.44

4.4 (4, 946); 0.002

Interaction effects

Beta (SE); p

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Intervention X Month 2

-0.12 (0.11); 0.29

1.15 (0.72; 1.86)

2.67 (1.64, 4.34)

Intervention X Month 6

-0.15 (0.12); 0.20

1.13 (0.66; 1.92)

1.54 (0.96, 2.46)

Intervention X Month 12

-0.23 (0.12); 0.046

1.58 (0.90; 2.78)

1.19 (0.72, 1.98)

Intervention X Month 18

-0.21 (0.14); 0.15

1.71 (0.77; 3.78)

1.68 (0.97, 2.88)

Model of effect of change in depression status

Joint significance tests

F(df); p

F(df); p

F(df); p

Change in depression status

1.3 (2,456); 0.29

1.5 (2,456); 0.21

1.5 (2,612); 0.31

Main effects

Beta (SE); p

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Depressed to not depressed

-0.004 (0.08); 0.97

1.33 (0.84, 2.10)

0.78 (0.54, 1.13)

Not depressed to depressed

-0.15 (0.16); 0.35

1.76 (0.70, 4.43)

0.73 (0.36, 1.50)

Repeated not depressed

0.09 (0.10); 0.39

1.01 (0.59, 1.72)

0.95 (0.60, 1.49)

Time (linear)

-0.11 (0.03); <0.0001

1.34 (1.17, 1.52)

1.26 (1.12, 1.41)

Model of effect of change in depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score)

Main effects

Beta (SE); p

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Time (linear)

-0.11 (0.03); <0.0001

1.32 (1.15, 1.51)

1.25 (1.11, 1.40)

Change in PHQ-9 score

-0.002 (0.01); 0.73

0.99 (0.95, 1.02)

0.99 (0.95, 1.02)

Effect size

− 0.012

-0.003

-0.002

  1. ART = antiretroviral therapy; SE = standard error; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; df = degrees of freedom; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire (9-item version)
  2. All models included these baseline covariates: age, relationship status (in a committed relationship; yes/no), any secondary schooling (yes/no), newly diagnosed with HIV (yes/no), PHQ-9 score at eligibility screening, undetectable HIV viral load (yes/no)
  3. The model specification included time as a categorical variable with indicators for each follow-up assessment (month 2, month 6, month 12, month 18). The joint tests of overall effect of time and intervention are Type 3 tests of fixed effects. The coefficients of the main effects of time are not shown here. The key coefficients of interest are the interaction terms between Intervention and time, which are the (covariate-adjusted) difference between the Intervention (intervention = 1) group and the control group (Intervention = 0); a p-value < 0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference between the means of the two study arms. Further, note that to estimate the mean in the intervention group, one must add the main effect of time to the interaction between intervention and time. The effect size is a standardized regression coefficient to show magnitude that’s unitless and comparable across models [41].
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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