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Table 1 Food insecurity by demographic characteristics (N = 254)

From: Risk factors for food insecurity and association with prenatal care utilization among women who took opioids during pregnancy and unexposed controls

Characteristic

Have Food Insecurity

n/N (%)

p

Opioid use

  

 Yes

45/159 (28)

0.007

 No

13/95 (14)

 

Maternal age

  

 < 25

10/45 (22)

0.771

 25–29

19/80 (24)

 

 30–34

21/85 (25)

 

 ≥ 35

7/42 (17)

 

White race

  

 Yes

43/201 (21)

0.287

 No

15/53 (21)

 

Marital status

  

 Married

6/47 (13)

0.060

 Not married

50/195 (26)

 

Education

  

 Less than high school

10/43 (23)

0.554

 High school diploma

26/97 (27)

 

 More than high school

22/108 (20)

 

Public insurance

  

 Yes

54/216 (25)

0.027

 No

3/36 (8)

 

Parity

  

 1

13/60 (22)

0.825

 2+

44/191 (23)

 

Depression/anxiety

  

 Yes

34/129 (26)

0.174

 No

24/125 (19)

 

Number of adverse childhood experiences

  

 0–2

20/152 (13)

< 0.001

 3+

38/102 (37)

 

Physical and/or emotional abuse during pregnancy

  

 Yes

25/57 (44)

< 0.001

 No

33/197 (17)

 

Housing Instability

  

 Yes

49/172 (28)

0.002

 No

9/82 (11)

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