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Table 1 Characteristics of mothers during GCM study according to maternal hyperglycemia status

From: Analysis glycemic variability in pregnant women with various type of hyperglycemia

During CGM study

Overall (776)

PGDM (247/31.83%)

ODM (207/26.68%)

GDM (322/41.49%)

F

P

T1DM (26/3.35%)

T2DM (221/28.48%)

GDMA1 (140/18.04%)

GDMA2 (182/23.45%)

Charactristics(mothers)

mean (sd)

mean (sd)

mean (sd)

mean (sd)

mean (sd)

mean (sd)

  

Age at OGTT (years)

31.93 (4.75)

Not applicable

Not applicable

32.01 (4.71)

31.92 (4.69)

31.99 (4.71)

0.22

0.930

Gravidity (times)

2.39 (1.44)

2.40 (1.52)

2.40 (1.52)

1.85 (1.08)

2.55 (1.40)

2.29 (1.29)

1.75

0.136

Parity (any prior delivery ≥ 20 weeks)

0.52 (0.65)

0.54 (0.69)

0.35 (0.49)

0.43 (0.61)

0.56 (0.63)

0.61 (0.65)

2.70

0.030

Gestational age at OGTT (weeks)

20.45 (7.24)

Not applicable

Not applicable

15.01 (7.63)

24.88 (4.07)

23.75 (4.68)

75.54

 < 0.001

Height (cm)

160.93 (5.68)

161.65 (4.64)

161.35 (5.92)

161.05 (5.54)

160.34 (5.76)

160.64 (5.60)

0.93

0.445

Weight (kg)

70.94 (13.42)

58.50 (8.06)

74.04 (15.11)

69.36 (13.00)

69.11 (12.11)

72.16 (11.78)

10.81

 < 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

27.29 (4.43)

22.38 (2.85)

28.23 (4.73)

26.61 (4.31)

26.84 (4.25)

27.99 (3.89)

14.02

 < 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

120.11 (17.85)

118.88 (19.10)

120.05 (17.82)

121.06 (16.78)

118.11 (18.48)

120.83 (18.46)

0.69

0.599

DBP (mmHg)

79.55 (12.39)

85.50 (10.44)

79.34 (12.39)

80.02 (12.16)

78.71 (12.89)

79.08 (12.38)

1.83

0.122

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)

93.07 (10.17)

96.63 (9.98)

92.91 (10.70)

93.7 (9.98)

91.84 (10.09)

92.99 (9.86)

1.53

0.193

FPG (mmol/L)

5.8 (1.44)

7.23 (1.37)

6.61 (1.02)

6.79 (1.25)

4.46 (0.48)

4.53 (0.40)

276.03

 < 0.001

1-h PG (mmol/L)

8.63 (1.86)

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

8.41 (1.90)

8.8 (1.82)

3.45

0.064

2-h PG (mmol/L)

7.60 (1.52)

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

7.26 (1.65)

7.86 (1.36)

13.12

 < 0.001

HbA1c

5.54 (0.66)

6.07 (0.85)

5.69 (0.63)

5.80 (0.78)

5.04 (0.38)

5.36 (0.37)

46.94

 < 0.001

GA

15.81 (4.14)

17.95 (5.21)

16.64 (4.38)

17.54 (5.21)

13.98 (1.80)

14.02 (1.70)

31.11

 < 0.001

TC (mmol/L)

4.70 (1.33)

4.18 (1.07)

4.44 (1.33)

4.40 (1.26)

4.96 (1.31)

5.13 (1.27)

12.58

 < 0.001

TG (mmol/L)

2.60 (1.78)

1.73 (1.07)

2.79 (2.10)

2.31 (2.10)

2.79 (1.24)

2.70 (1.25)

4.12

0.003

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.50 (0.37)

1.33 (0.31)

1.38 (0.36)

1.36 (0.37)

1.63 (0.34)

1.60 (0.32)

23.42

 < 0.001

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.68 (0.86)

2.47 (0.91)

2.62 (0.75)

2.49 (0.77)

2.80 (0.95)

2.90 (0.95)

7.13

 < 0.001

INS0 h (uU/ML)

15.07 (9.58)

7.55 (1.96)

16.75 (7.40)

24.18 (9.97)

5.07 (1.72)

11.43 (3.62)

194.16

 < 0.001

INS2 h (uU/ML)

117.2 (77.70)

6.73 (1.59)

110.62 (64.69)

202.76 (59.02)

54.09 (29.96)

91.62 (46.00)

225.73

 < 0.001

HOMA-IR

4.16 (3.15)

2.47 (0.10)

7.24 (3.13)

7.24 (3.13)

1.01 (0.37)

2.32 (0.81)

233.28

 < 0.001

HOMA-β(%)

166.36 (124.87)

44.73 (16.95)

117.21 (66.44)

165.66 (108.45)

153.59 (56.73)

254.02 (28.44)

46.29

 < 0.001

  1. Characteristics of mothers during CGM study according to mother’s GDM status
  2. CGM Continuous glucose monitoring, PGDM Pregestational diabetes mellitus, ODM Gestational overt diabetes, GDM Gestational diabetes, OGTT Oral glucose tolerance test, BMI Body mass index, SBP Systolic pressure, DBP Diastolic pressure, MAP Mean arterial pressure, FPG Fasting plasma glucose, PG Plasma glucose, HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin, GA Glycated albumin, TC Total cholesterol, TG Total triglycerides, HDL-C High density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, INS0 h Insulin at fasting, INS2 h Insulin at 2 h, HOMA-IR Homa insulin-resistance, HOMA-β Homeostasis Model Assessment β-cell Function Index
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