Table 1 Characteristics and birth outcome of study population stratified by small for gestational age (SGA) delivered at term
Characteristics | Non-SGA n = 1,558 | SGA n = 141 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Maternal characteristics | |||
Maternal age (years) | 30.58 (4.3) | 29.67 (4.6) | 0.016 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 21.15 (2.9) | 20.53 (3.1) | 0.017 |
Marital status (% married) | 1,481 (95.1) | 134 (95.0) | 0.999 |
Education level, % | 0.748 | ||
High school and lower | 233 (15.0) | 23 (16.3) | |
College or University | 1,140 (73.2) | 104 (73.8) | |
Post-graduated and higher | 185 (11.9) | 14 (9.9) | |
Employment (% employed) | 1,384 (88.8) | 127 (90.1) | 0.757 |
Monthly income in yuan, % | 0.075 | ||
< 5,000 | 265 (17.0) | 21 (14.9) | |
5,001–10,000 | 638 (40.9) | 73 (51.8) | |
10,001–15,000 | 363 (23.3) | 29 (20.6) | |
> 15,000 | 292 (18.7) | 18 (12.8) | |
Hypertension, % | 4 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 |
Renal disease, % | 9 (0.6) | 1 (0.7) | 1.000 |
Gestational hypertension, % | 203 (13.0) | 13 (9.2) | 0.243 |
Gestational diabetes mellitus, % | 12 (0.8) | 2 (1.4) | 0.742 |
Parity (% parous) | 773 (49.6) | 44 (31.2) | < 0.001 |
Pre-pregnancy cigarette intake, % | 77 (4.9) | 3 (2.1) | 0.192 |
Pre-pregnancy alcohol intake, % | 207 (13.3) | 13 (9.2) | 0.213 |
EFW z-scores | |||
EFW z-scores of 23–24 weeks | 0.08 (1.01) | − 0.67> (0.90) | < 0.001 |
EFW z-scores of 31–32 weeks | 0.34 (1.17) | − 0.78 (1.11) | < 0.001 |
EFW z-scores of 37–39 weeks | 0.08 (0.98) | − 1.35 (0.79) | < 0.001 |
Growth velocity | |||
Growth velocity1 | 0.03 (0.14) | − 0.02 (0.14) | < 0.001 |
Growth velocity2 | − 0.04 (0.16) | − 0.09 (0.13) | < 0.001 |
Growth velocity3 | 0.00 (0.07) | − 0.05 (0.06) | < 0.001 |
Birth outcome | |||
Gestational age at delivery (days) | 276.79 (6.50) | 276.71 (7.04) | 0.883 |
Birthweight (g) | 3,359.05 (348.9) | 2,689.26 (222.9) | < 0.001 |
Sex (% male) | 835 (53.6) | 74 (52.5) | 0.869 |