Comparing umbilical cord arterial blood gas findings in pregnancies with and without gestational diabetes mellitus following elective cesarean section: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in Iran

Table 1 Characteristics of the studied maternal population.^a

Maternal characteristics
Variable	Groups	Values
Age; y		31.8 ± 6.3 [19.0, 42.0]
BMI; kg/m²		29.2 ± 4.3 [23.2, 40.0]
Gravida; n		2.8 ± 1.1 [1.0, 5.0]
Previous abortions; n		0.6 ± 0.7 [0.0, 2.0]
Previous molar pregnancy		7 (1.6)
Previous CS		52 (12.1)
Gestational age at delivery; w		38.4 ± 0.8 [37.0, 40.0]
Conception	Spontaneous	373 (86.7)
	ART	57 (13.3)
GDM		87 (20.2)
GDM treatment	Lifestyle modification (dietary and/or exercise)	47 (10.9)
	Medications (insulin)	40 (9.3)
Neonatal characteristics
Variable	Groups	Values
Sex	Male	203 (47.2)
	Female	227 (52.8)
Birthweight; g		3216.6 ± 481.7 [2095.5, 4100.0]
1-minute Apgar score		8.0 ± 1.1 [6.0, 9.0]
5-minute Apgar score		9.2 ± 0.9 [7.0, 10.0]
Resuscitation at birth		66 (15.3)
NICU admission		88 (20.5)
	pH	7.35 ± 0.06 [7.2, 7.5]
	PCO₂; mmHg	45.43 ± 18.23 [33.3, 63.2]
ABG findings	PO₂; mmHg	13.06 ± 5.65 [5.0, 26.0]
	HCO₃; mEq/L	22.93 ± 2.69 [17.4, 28.0]
	BE; mEq/L	-0.77 ± 3.03 [-7.0, 3.1]

Abbreviations: ABG = arterial blood gas, ART = assisted reproductive technology, BE = base excess, BMI = body mass index, CS = cesarean section, GDM = gestational diabetes mellitus, NICU = neonatal intensive care unit, pH = potential of hydrogen, PCO₂ = partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PO₂ = partial pressure of oxygen
The categorical data are presented as numbers (percentages) and continuous data as mean ± standard deviation [95% confidence interval]

ISSN: 1471-2393