Table 6 Results of subgroup analysis
PFAS | Study site | Publication year | Sampling period | Methods of chemical analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | China | Western countries | before 2020 | 2020 and later | Preconception | Early pregnancy | Late pregnancy | HPLC | UPLC |
PFOA | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Combined SMD (95% CI) | 2.405 (1.516, 3.294) | 0.759 (-0.602, 2.121) | 0.535 (-0.166, 1.236) | 3.829 (2.617, 5.041) | 2.493 (2.045, 2.94) | 0.102 (-0.039, 0.243) | 16.921 (-16.594, 50.435) | 0.045 (-0.06,0.149) | 0.045 (-0.135,0.225) |
Combined OR (95% CI) | 1.954 (1.538, 2.483) | 0.952 (0.690, 1.314) | 0.862 (0.6, 1.237) | 1.889 (1.503, 2.37) | / | 1.804 (1.436, 2.265) | 1.071 (0.709, 1.617) | / | / |
PFOS | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Combined SMD (95% CI) | 0.529 (-0.136, 1.193) | 0.005 (-0.188, 0.197) | -0.035 (-0.259, 0.19) | 0.775 (-0.094, 1.644) | 0.142 (-0.251, 0.534) | 0.026 (-0.079, 0.132) | 1.836 (-2.115, 5.787) | 0.004 (-0.107,0.115) | 0.015 (-0.089,0.118) |
Combined OR (95% CI) | 1.253 (0.958, 1.641) | 0.976 (0.715, 1.330) | 0.887 (0.629, 1.249) | 1.281 (0.995, 1.649) | / | 1.207 (0.944, 1.543) | 1.156 (0.747, 1.789) | / | / |
PFBS | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Combined SMD (95% CI) | 0.282 (0.008, 0.557) | / | 0 (-0.302, 0.302) | 0.347 (0.027, 0.667) | / | 0.336 (-0.072, 0.744) | / | / | / |