Table 2 Baseline characteristics of included studies
ID | First author and References | Year | Country | Continent | Mean Age | Quality score | Total sample | N. IgG + (%) | N. IgM + (%) | N. IgA + (%) | N. Low IgG avidity (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Auer et al. [23] | 2000 | Austria | Europe | N.M | 19 | 138 | 138 (100) | 67 (48.5) | 59 (42.7) | 40 (28.9) |
2 | Liesenfeld et al. [24] | 2001 | Germany | Europe | N.M | 20 | 125 | 125 (100) | 81 (74.4) | N.M | 16 (12.8) |
3 | Montoya et al. [25] | 2002 | USA | America | N.M | 19 | 127 | N.M | 99 (77.9) | N.M | 14 (11) |
4 | Alvarado-Esquivel et al. [26] | 2002 | Germany | Europe | N.M | 24 | 64 | 64 (100) | 64 (100) | N.M | 8 (12.5) |
5 | Reis et al. [27] | 2006 | Brasil | America | N.M | 27 | 6700 | N.M | 168 (2.5) | N.M | 40 (0.5) |
6 | Candolfi et al. [28] | 2007 | France | Europe | N.M | 22 | 91 | 55 (60.4) | 36 (39.5) | 24 (26.3) | 36 (39.5) |
7 | Iqbal et al. [29] | 2007 | Kuwait | Asia | 27 | 25 | 224 | 119 (53.1) | 31 (13.8) | N.M | 9 (4) |
8 | Barbosa et al. [30] | 2009 | Brasil | America | 29 | 30 | 190 | 126 (66.3) | 1 (0.52) | N.M | 0 (0) |
9 | De Paschale et al. [31] | 2008 | Italy | Europe | N.M | 28 | 3426 | 737 (21.5) | 42 (1.2) | N.M | 8 (0.2) |
10 | Ribeiro et al. [32] | 2008 | Brasil | America | 29 | 29 | 832 | 625 (75.1) | 17 (2) | N.M | 1 (0.12) |
11 | Alvarado-Esquivel et al. [33] | 2009 | Mexico | America | 24.5 | 27 | 439 | 36 (8.2) | 10 (2.3) | N.M | 0 (0) |
12 | Gay-Andrieu et al. [34] | 2009 | France | Europe | N.M | 31 | 730 | 153 (21) | 45 (6.1) | N.M | 84 (11.5) |
13 | Vaz et al. [35] | 2010 | Brasil | America | 25.8 | 24 | 20,389 | 10,806 (53) | 664 (3.2) | N.M | 47 (0.23) |
14 | Tutarlılığı et al. [36] | 2010 | Saudi Arabia | Asia | 24.8 | 26 | 160 | 118 (73.7) | 74 (46.3) | N.M | 57 (35.6) |
15 | Sagel et al. [37] | 2011 | Austria | Europe | 27.8 | 29 | 92,365 | 28,633 (31) | 222 (0.2) | N.M | 66 (0.07) |
16 | Varol et al. [38] | 2011 | Turkey | Europe | 27.8 | 21 | 1333 | 426 (31.9) | 18 (1.35) | N.M | 0 (0) |
17 | Pour Abolghasem et al. [39] | 2011 | Iran | Asia | N.M | 25 | 225 | 168 (65.8) | 124 (55.5) | N.M | 16 (7.1) |
18 | Yamada et al. [12] | 2011 | Japan | Asia | N.M | 30 | 146 | 146 (100) | 146 (100) | N.M | 51 (34.9) |
19 | Nisii et al. [40] | 2012 | Italy | Europe | 36 | 26 | 1424 | 85 (5.9) | 29 (2) | 20 (1.4) | 20 (1.4) |
20 | El Deeb et al. [41] | 2012 | Egypt | Africa | 26.4 | 22 | 323 | 218 (67.4) | 9 (2.8) | N.M | 1 (0.3) |
21 | Lopes-Mori et al. [42] | 2013 | Brasil | America | 25 | 27 | 2226 | 1151 (51.7) | 29 (1.3) | N.M | 0 (0) |
22 | Uysal et al. [43] | 2013 | Turkey | Europe | 30 | 25 | 4651 | 1871 (39.9) | 48 (2.5) | N.M | 1 (0.2) |
23 | Nowakowska et al. [44] | 2014 | Poland | Europe | 28.7 | 29 | 8281 | 3364 (40.6) | 808 (9.7) | N.M | 282 (3.4) |
24 | Andiappan et al. [45] | 2014 | Myanmar | Asia | 29.4 | 28 | 215 | 65 (30.2) | 1 (0.4) | N.M | 0 (0) |
25 | Emelia et al. [46] | 2014 | Malaysia | Asia | N.M | 22 | 281 | 94 (33.5) | 5 (1.8) | N.M | 0 (0) |
26 | Andiappan et al. [45] | 2014 | Malaysia | Asia | 30 | 26 | 219 | 87 (39.7) | 6 (2.7) | N.M | 0 (0) |
27 | Andiappan et al. [47] | 2014 | Thailand | Asia | 29.5 | 28 | 760 | 167 (22) | 23 (3) | N.M | 0 (0) |
28 | Doudou et al. [48] | 2014 | Congo | Africa | 28 | 31 | 781 | 387 (49.5) | 17 (4.4) | N.M | 2 (0) |
29 | Hung et al. [49] | 2015 | Taiwan | Asia | 30.9 | 30 | 104 | 7 (6.7) | 1 (0.9) | N.M | 0 (0) |
30 | Parlak et al. [50] | 2015 | Turkey | Europe | N.M | 25 | 9156 | N.M | 99 (1.1) | N.M | 35 (0.3) |
31 | Gontijo da Silva et al. [51] | 2015 | Brasil | America | N.M | 28 | 487 | 307 (63) | 26 (5.3) | 4 (0.8) | 6 (1.3) |
32 | AlSaidi et al. [52] | 2015 | Iraq | Asia | N.M | 28 | 80 | 77 (96.2) | 5 (6.2) | N.M | 5 (6.2) |
33 | Nasir et al.[53] | 2015 | Nigeria | Africa | 30 | 24 | 360 | 144 (40) | 32 (8.9) | N.M | 26 (7.2) |
34 | El-Bali et al. [54] | 2016 | Egypt | Africa | N.M | 26 | 2247 | 487 (21.7) | 7 (0.3) | N.M | 4 (0.17) |
35 | Akhlaghi et al. [55] | 2016 | Iran | Asia | N.M | 30 | 468 | 86 (18.3) | 9 (1.9) | N.M | 7 (1.4) |
36 | Abazaj et al. [56] | 2016 | Albania | Europe | 27 | 27 | 152 | 48 (31.6) | 9 (5.9) | N.M | 3 (1.9) |
37 | Smets et al. [57] | 2016 | France | Europe | N.M | 22 | 117 | 117 (100) | 117 (100) | 9 (7.6) | 27 (23) |
38 | Van Enter et al. [58] | 2017 | Myanmar | Asia | 35 | 28 | 199 | 63 (31.7) | 3 (1.5) | N.M | 0 (0) |
39 | Sirin et al. [59] | 2017 | Turkey | Europe | 30.7 | 25 | 7513 | 2427 (32.3) | 138 (1.9) | N.M | 6 (0.07) |
40 | Laboudi et al. [60] | 2017 | Morocco | Africa | N.M | 29 | 128 | 54 (42.1) | 5 (3.9) | N.M | 0 (0) |
41 | Hamed et al. [61] | 2017 | Egypt | Africa | N.M | 28 | 180 | 31 (17.2) | 14 (7.7) | 9 (5) | 10 (5.5) |
42 | Naghili et al. [62] | 2017 | Iran | Asia | N.M | 26 | 391 | 267 (68.3) | 65 (16.6) | N.M | 2 (0.7) |
43 | Berredjem et al. [63] | 2017 | Algeria | Africa | 32.5 | 27 | 143 | 57 (39.8) | 27 (18.8) | 7 (4.8) | 9 (6.2) |
44 | Khademi et al. [64] | 2019 | Iran | Asia | 27 | 22 | 360 | 100 (27.8) | 3 (0.8) | N.M | 3 (0.8) |
45 | Roozbehani et al. [65] | 2018 | Iran | Asia | N.M | 26 | 2120 | 1362 (64.2) | 40 (1.9) | N.M | 15 (0.7) |
46 | Gurlek et al. [66] | 2019 | Turkey | Europe | N.M | 30 | 3490 | 1176 (33.6) | 29 (0.8) | N.M | 1 (0.02) |
47 | Oliveira et al. [67] | 2019 | Brasil | America | 25 | 28 | 196 | 133 (67.9) | 3 (1.5) | N.M | 0 (0) |
48 | Sharifi et al. [68] | 2019 | Iran | Asia | 25 | 26 | 250 | 58 (23.2) | 18 (7.2) | N.M | 10 (4) |
49 | Rahmati-Balaghaleh et al. [69] | 2019 | Iran | Asia | N.M | 29 | 208 | 88 (42.3) | 33 (15.8) | N.M | 5 (2.4) |
50 | Donadono et al. [70] | 2019 | Italy | Europe | N.M | 30 | 1159 | 778 (67.1) | 381 (32.8) | N.M | 220 (18.9) |
51 | Tawfiq et al. [71] | 2019 | Iraq | Asia | 30 | 25 | 180 | 64 (35.5) | N.M | N.M | 0 (0) |
52 | Vueba et al. [72] | 2020 | Angola | Africa | 30 | 28 | 878 | 346 (39.4) | 2 (0.2) | N.M | 0 (0) |
53 | van der Colf et al. [73] | 2020 | Namibia | Africa | 27 | 28 | 344 | 9 (2.61) | 1 (0.3) | N.M | 0 (0) |
54 | Khan et al. [74] | 2020 | India | Asia | 28 | 26 | 594 | 162 (27) | 3 (0.5) | N.M | 3 (0.5) |
55 | Avcioglu et al. [75] | 2020 | Turkey | Europe | 30 | 25 | 3607 | 702 (19.1) | 50 (1.3) | N.M | 7 (0.19) |
56 | Oliveira et al. [76] | 2020 | Brasil | America | 26 | 29 | 1716 | 468 (27) | 92 (5.3) | N.M | 13 (0.75) |
57 | Sultan et al. [77] | 2021 | Iraq | Asia | 20.4 | 24 | 305 | 32 (10.4) | 2 (0.6) | N.M | 9 (2.9) |
58 | Amiri et al. [78] | 2021 | Iran | Asia | N.M | 29 | 264 | 79 (28.4) | 4 (1.5) | N.M | 4 (1.5) |
59 | Yener et al. [79] | 2021 | Turkey | Europe | 26.4 | 30 | 2317 | 607 (26.1) | 80 (3.4) | N.M | 30 (1.29) |
60 | Skvarc et al. [80] | 2022 | Slovenia | Europe | N.M | 28 | 17,990 | 2339 (13) | 179 (0.9) | N.M | 126 (0.7) |
61 | Tüfekci et al. [81] | 2022 | Turkey | Europe | 27.6 | 26 | 1294 | 263 (20.3) | 14 (1.1) | N.M | 4 (0.3) |
62 | Karamat et al. [82] | 2022 | Pakistan | Asia | 26.8 | 24 | 336 | 126 (37.5) | 4 (1.2) | N.M | 0 (0) |
63 | Mihu et al. [83] | 2022 | Romania | Europe | 29.4 | 30 | 1317 | 607 (46) | 54 (4.1) | 10 (0.7) | 4 (0.3) |
64 | Shabanian et al. [84] | 2023 | Iran | Asia | N.M | 28 | 191 | 88 (46.1) | 11 (5.8) | N.M | 0 (0) |
65 | Naheen et al. [85] | 2016 | Bangladesh | Asia | N.M | 27 | 39 | 33 (84) | 6 (15.4) | N.M | 4 (10.2) |
66 | Kodym et al. [86] | 2023 | Czech Republic | Europe | 31.5 | 26 | 141 | 81 (57) | 27 (19) | N.M | 11 (7.8) |
67 | Ikuta et al. [87] | 2023 | Japan | Asia | N.M | 29 | 100 | 70 (70) | 37 (37) | N.M | 28 (28) |