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Table 3 The association between nighttime/weekend deliveries and adverse composite birth outcomes (non-live birth, preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight, Apgar score < 7), MANGO study, September 2020-November 2023 (n = 25,911 neonates)

From: Associations between nighttime or weekend deliveries and adverse maternal, birth, and neonatal outcomes: secondary analysis of the MANGO study in western Kenya

Characteristics

Adverse birth outcome

No adverse birth outcome

Unadjusted RR

p-value

Adjusted RR

p-value

(95% CI)1

(95% CI)2

Nighttime/weekend delivery

      

 Yes

5347 (34.79)

10024 (65.21)

0.99 (0.95, 1.02)

0.52

0.92 (0.88, 0.96)

< 0.001

 No

3244 (35.19)

5974 (64.81)

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Maternal age

      

 < 24

2866 (39.64)

4364 (60.36)

1.22 (1.18, 1.27)

< 0.001

0.85 (0.81, 0.90)

< 0.001

 24–25

4731 (32.43)

9856 (67.57)

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 > 35

978 (35.94)

1743 (64.06)

1.11 (1.05, 1.17)

< 0.001

1.13 (1.05, 1.21)

< 0.001

Parity

      

 0

3616 (36.57)

6271 (63.43)

1.13 (1.08, 1.18)

< 0.001

0.99 (0.93, 1.04)

0.66

 1

2253 (32.35)

4711 (67.65)

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 2

1396 (33.35)

2790 (66.65)

1.03 (0.97, 1.09)

0.28

0.99 (0.93, 1.05)

0.72

 3 or more

1320 (37.29)

2220 (62.71)

1.15 (1.09, 1.22)

< 0.001

0.94 (0.88, 1.01)

0.1

Gravidity3

      

 1

3418 (36.55)

5934 (63.45)

1.13 (1.08, 1.18)

< 0.001

 2

2232 (32.43)

4651 (67.57)

Ref.

 

 3

1394 (33.10)

2817 (66.90)

1.02 (0.97, 1.08)

0.46

 4 or more

1540 (37.32)

2587 (62.68)

1.15 (1.09, 1.21)

< 0.001

ICU admission

      

 Yes

1112 (66.15)

569 (33.85)

2.02 (1.94, 2.10)

< 0.001

1.53 (1.45, 1.62)

< 0.001

 No

7212 (32.73)

14825 (67.27)

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Maternal HIV status

      

 Yes

397 (44.86)

488 (55.14)

1.29 (1.20, 1.39)

< 0.001

0.96 (0.86, 1.07)

0.45

 No

8194 (34.57)

15510 (65.43)

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Maternal medical conditions & medical complications of pregnancy

      

 Yes

1557 (46.39)

1799 (53.61)

1.41 (1.35, 1.47)

< 0.001

1.23 (1.17, 1.29)

< 0.001

 No

6899 (32.87)

14088 (67.13)

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Obstetric complications

      

 Yes

619 (52.15)

568 (47.85)

1.53 (1.44, 1.62)

< 0.001

2.10 (1.97, 2.24)

< 0.001

 No

7972 (34.07)

15430 (65.93)

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Fetal complications

      

 Yes

17 (80.95)

4 (19.05)

2.32 (1.88, 2.86)

< 0.001

0.91 (0.61, 1.37)

0.67

 No

8574 (34.90)

15994 (65.10)

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Maternal transfer-in status

      

 Yes

925 (53.81)

794 (46.19)

1.61 (1.53, 1.68)

< 0.001

1.28 (1.19, 1.38)

< 0.001

 No

7629 (33.50)

15145 (66.50)

Ref.

 

Ref.

 
  1. Abbreviations: RR = risk ratio; CI = confidence interval; ICU = intensive care unit
  2. Bold text indicates estimates with p-values < 0.05.
  3. 1 The unadjusted models were modeled for each variable separately for the outcome using Poisson regression with natural logarithm (log) as the link function, robust standard errors, and clustered on pregnant persons for multiple gestations.
  4. 2 The adjusted model included the primary exposure (nighttime/weekend delivery) and any covariates with p-value < 0.20 in the unadjusted models, and used Poisson regression with natural log link and robust standard errors, robust standard errors, and clustered on pregnant persons for multiple gestations.
  5. 3 Though parity and gravidity each have p-values < 0.20 in the unadjusted models, we included only parity in the adjusted model based on presumed collinearity between the two variables
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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