Streptococcus agalactiae colonization is common among pregnant women with HIV infection and is neither predicted by hospital tier nor trimester in Mwanza, Tanzania

Table 5 Multivariable logistic regression analysis of the factors associated with GBS colonization in pregnant women

Characteristics	GBS culture positive, n (%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	p-value	Multivariable OR (95% Cl)	p-value
Health care facility tier
Lower (559)	423(75.7)	1.0
Higher (313)	235 (75.1)	1.03 [0.75–1.42]	0.846
Referral status
Not referred (678)	174 (25.7)	1.0
Referred (194)	40 (20.6)	0.75 [0.51–1.11]	0.151	0.90[0.54–1.50]	0.697
Marital status
Married (667)	165 (24.7)	1.0
Single (205)	49 (23.9)	0.96 [0.66–1.38]	0.808
Residence
Outside City (173)	36 (20.8)	1.0
City (699)	178 (25.5)	0.77 [0.51–1.15]	0.204	1.44[0.93–2.23]	0.097
Education level
Informal (58)	13 (22.4)	1.0
Primary (428)	105 (24.5)	1.13 [0.54–2.17]	0.724
Secondary and above (386)	96 (24.9)	1.15 [0.59–2.21]	0.685
Parity
Nullipara (0) (313)	81 (25.9)	1.0
Multipara (1–4) (509)	123 (24.2)	0.91[0.66–1.26]	0.581
Grandmultipara (≥) (50)	10 (20.0)	0.72[0.34–50]	0.375
Gestation age
1st trimester (28)	5 (17.9)	1.0
2nd trimester (318)	87 (27.4)	1.7 [0.6–4.7]	0.280
3rd trimester (526)	122 (23.2)	1.4 [0.5–3.7]	0.514
HIV status
Negative (761)	144 (18.9)	1.0
Positive (111)	70 (63.1)	7.31[4.78–11.20]	< 0.001	7.33[4.77–11.29]	< 0.001
Current admission
No (735)	187 (25.4)	1.0
Yes (137)	27 (19.7)	0.72 [0.46–1.13]	0.154	0.94[0.53–1.69]	0.847
History of antibiotic use
No (779)	193 (24.8)	1.0
Yes (93)	21 (22.6)	0.89 [0.53–1.48]	0.642	0.99[0.57–1.72]	0.969
History of abortion
No (712)	171(24.0)	1.0
Yes (160)	43 (26.9)	1.16[0.79–1.72]	0.448

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