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Table 1 Socio-demographic and maternal care factors by symptoms of pre-eclampsia during pregnancy/ delivery or after delivery (n = 32,236)

From: Comparative study on the factors influencing pre-eclampsia symptoms at different pregnancy stages in Bangladeshi women: urban vs. rural perspectives

Covariates

Symptoms of pre-eclampsia during pregnancy/ delivery or after delivery

p-valueb

No

Yes

n (%a)

n (%)

Mother’s age (years)

   

< 18

991 (64.75)

540 (35.25)

0.032

18–25

11,107 (64.84)

6023 (35.16)

26–35

7626 (63.21)

4439 (36.79)

36+

933 (61.76)

578 (38.24)

Mother’s education

   

No education

2096 (65.17)

1120 (34.83)

0.021

Primary

6133 (63.99)

3452 (36.01)

Secondary

9995 (64.56)

5486 (35.44)

Higher

2432 (61.53)

1521 (38.47)

Wealth index

   

Lowest

4315 (66.4)

2184 (33.60)

< 0.001

Low

4337 (65.83)

2251 (34.17)

Middle

4112 (65.24)

2190 (34.76)

High

4170 (62.81)

2469 (37.19)

Highest

3723 (59.97)

2484 (40.03)

Access to mediac

   

No

8778 (65.37)

4650 (34.63)

0.002

Yes

11,879 (63.16)

6929 (36.84)

Previous stillborn

   

0

18,289 (64.32)

10,146 (35.68)

0.106

1

1991 (62.60)

1189 (37.40)

2+

377 (60.80)

243 (39.20)

At least 4 ANCd

   

No

13,393 (65.89)

6934 (34.11)

< 0.001

Yes

7263 (61.00)

4644 (39.00)

All ANC components

   

No

16,156 (66.33)

8202 (33.67)

< 0.001

Yes

4500 (57.13)

3377 (42.87)

ANC Provider

   

None

4129 (72.82)

1541 (27.18)

< 0.001

Skilled Provider

14,095 (61.66)

8762 (38.34)

Unskilled Provider

2433 (65.62)

1275 (34.38)

Place of residence

   

Urban

5248 (61.01)

3354 (38.99)

< 0.001

Rural

15,409 (65.2)

8225 (34.80)

Place of delivery

   

Home

11,765 (68.97)

5294 (31.03)

< 0.001

Facility

8892 (58.59)

6,285 (41.41)

Child Birth Order

   

1

8552 (62.88)

5048 (37.12)

0.003

2–3

10,513 (65.14)

5,626 (34.86)

>=4

1592 (63.78)

904 (36.22)

Sex of last child

   

Female

10,425 (64.49)

5740 (35.51)

0.195

Male

10,232 (63.67)

5839 (36.33)

Multifetal gestation

   

No

20,555 (64.15)

11,487 (35.85)

0.004

Yes

101 (52.43)

92 (47.57)

  1. a The cell percent represent row percentages
  2. b The Chi-square test of independence (also known as the Pearson Chi-square test, or simply the Chi-square) were conducted
  3. c Access to media: mothers who read newspapers/magazines or watch television or listen to the radio at least once a week
  4. d ANC: Antenatal Care; MTP: Medically-Trained Provider includes qualified doctor, nurse/midwife/paramedic, Family Welfare Volunteer (FWV), Community Skilled Birth Attendant (CSBA)
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

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