Table 4 Crude and adjusted odd ratios for the risk of preeclampsia, preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, and low birth weight derived from logistic regression analysis
From: Pregnancy outcomes among women near the end of reproductive age
Potential risk factors | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
P-value | Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | |
Preeclampsia | ||||
Extremely-advanced age | < 0.001 | 3.36 (1.95–5.78) | < 0.001 | 4.24 (2.35–7.66) |
Socio-economic status (ref: low) | 0.409 | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | 0.837 | 0.99 (0.90–1.09) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (Kg/m2) | 0.741 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.615 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) |
Parity (ref: 0) | 0.172 | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) | 0.009 | 0.91 (0.85–0.98) |
Number of antenatal care visits | 0.117 | 0.99 (0.98-1.00) | 0.088 | 0.99 (0.98-1.00) |
Smoking (ref: no) | 0.930 | 0.98 (0.62–1.53) | 0.822 | 0.94 (0.56–1.59) |
Preterm birth | ||||
Extremely-advanced age | < 0.001 | 3.50 (2.26–5.42) | < 0.001 | 3.35 (2.00-5.61) |
Socio-economic status (ref: low) | < 0.001 | 0.86 (0.80–0.91) | 0.486 | 0.98 (0.91–1.05) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (Kg/m2) | 0.029 | 0.99 (0.99-1.00) | 0.036 | 0.99 (0.98-1.00) |
Parity (ref: 0) | < 0.001 | 1.14 (1.10–1.18) | 0.373 | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) |
Number of antenatal care visits | < 0.001 | 0.83 (0.83–0.84) | 0.000 | 0.83 (0.83–0.84) |
Smoking (ref: no) | 0.032 | 1.35 (1.03–1.78) | 0.496 | 1.12 (0.80–1.58) |
Fetal growth restriction | ||||
Extremely-advanced age | 0.001 | 2.65 (1.52–4.62) | < 0.001 | 3.64 (1.93–6.86) |
Socio-economic status (ref: low) | < 0.001 | 0.83 (0.76–0.90) | < 0.001 | 0.82 (0.75–0.90) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (Kg/m2) | 0.014 | 0.99 (0.98-1.00) | 0.007 | 0.99 (0.98-1.00) |
Parity (ref: 0) | < 0.001 | 0.76 (0.72–0.80) | < 0.001 | 0.69 (0.65–0.74) |
Number of antenatal care visits | < 0.001 | 0.95 (0.94–0.96) | < 0.001 | 0.95 (0.94–0.96) |
Smoking (ref: no) | 0.276 | 1.23 (0.85–1.79) | 0.167 | 1.34 (0.88–2.03) |
Low birth weight | ||||
Extremely-advanced age | < 0.001 | 3.86 (2.51–5.94) | < 0.001 | 4.67 (2.85–7.65) |
Socio-economic status (ref: low) | 0.010 | 0.92 (0.87–0.98) | 0.468 | 0.98 (0.91–1.04) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (Kg/m2) | 0.018 | 0.99 (0.98-1.00) | 0.012 | 0.99 (0.98-1.00) |
Parity (ref: 0) | < 0.001 | 0.93 (0.89–0.96) | < 0.001 | 0.81 (0.77–0.85) |
Number of antenatal care visits | < 0.001 | 0.89 (0.88–0.89) | < 0.001 | 0.88 (0.88–0.89) |
Smoking (ref: no) | 0.069 | 1.30 (0.98–1.71) | 0.137 | 1.28 (0.93–1.77) |