Oxidative stress biomarkers as novel screening tools for trisomy 21: a case-control study

Table 2 Ultrasonography findings of the participants

Variables	Non-DS pregnancies (n = 37)	DS pregnancies (n = 28)	P value
Gestational age at amniocentesis, weeks	19.08 ± 2.32	19.46 ± 2.56	0.537
BPD, weeks	18.89 ± 2.28	18.29 ± 2.79	0.545
HC, weeks	18.86 ± 2.36	18.96 ± 2.82	0.881
AC, weeks	18.73 ± 2.47	19.14 ± 2.99	0.555
FL, weeks	18.5 ± 2.6	18.7 ± 1.7	0.568
EFW, g	293.24 ± 157.937	272.82 ± 137.915	0.581
AFI, mm	44.16 ± 4.98	48.93 ± 10.44	0.032
Fetal cardiac anomalies*, n (%)			< 0.001
No	33 (75.0%)	11 (25.0%)
Yes	4 (19.0%)	17 (81.0%)
Extra-cardiac fetal anomalies‡, n (%)			< 0.001
No	34 (85.0%)	6 (15.0%)
Yes	3 (12.0%)	22 (88.0%)
Ultrasonographic soft markers§, n (%)			0.016
No	28 (68.3%)	13 (31.7%)
Yes	9 (37.5%)	15 (62.5%)

DS: Down syndrome, BPD: Biparietal diameter, HC: head circumference, AC: abdominal circumference, FL: femur length, EFW: estimated fetal weight, AFI: amniotic fluid index
*Cardiac anomalies included: Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) with malalignment (most frequent), Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD), Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV), and Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
‡Extra-cardiac Fetal Anomalies included: Ventriculomegaly (most frequent), duodenal atresia (characterized by “Double Bubble” Sign), esophageal atresia, encephalocele, omphalocele, cystic hygroma, dandy-walker malformation, hydronephrosis
§ Ultrasonographic Soft Markers: Nasal bone hypoplasia/absence, echogenic intracardiac focus, hyperechogenic bowel, Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery (ARSA), short femur length, short humerus length, Renal pyelectasis, Sandal gap deformity, Single umbilical artery, Clinodactyly

ISSN: 1471-2393