Table 1 Demographic, obstetric, and birth care characteristics of exposed and unexposed participants (n = 278)
Characteristics | Exposed prenatal education (n = 152) M ± SD or n (%) | Unexposed group (n = 126) M ± SD or n (%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | |||
Age: means | 27.9 ± 5.98 | 28.3 ± 6.40 | 0.567 |
Ethnicity | 0.255 | ||
Mestizo (mixed ethnic background | 136 (89.5) | 107 (84.9) | |
Others | 16 (10.5) | 19 (15.1) | |
Marital Status | 0.093 | ||
Married | 53 (34.9) | 59 (46.8) | |
Cohabiting | 61 (40.1) | 37 (29.4) | |
Others (Single, divorced, widow) | 38 (25.0) | 30 (23.8) | |
Living with partner | 0.849 | ||
Yes | 134 (88.2) | 112(88.9) | |
No | 18 (11.8) | 14 (11.1) | |
Education level | 0.001 | ||
No formal education | 1 (0.8) | ||
Primary education | 24 (15.8) | 46 (36.5) | |
Secondary education | 60 (39.5) | 25 (19.8) | |
Higher education | 68 (44.7) | 54 (42.9) | |
Employment status | 0.419 | ||
Employed | 52 (34.2) | 49 (38.9) | |
Unemployed | 100 (65.8) | 77 (61.1) | |
Occupation | |||
Housework | 89 (58.6) | 83 (65.8) | |
Public/private employee | 52 (34.2) | 41 (32.5) | 0.769 |
Student | 11 (7.2) | 2 (1.7) | |
Health Insurance | < 0.001 | ||
Public Health Insurance | 119 (78.3) | 78 (61.9) | |
Private Health Insurance | 7 (4.6) | 30 (23.8) | |
Social Security Health Insurance | 21 (13.8) | 18 (14.3) | |
Others | 5(3.3) | 0 (0) | |
Obstetric characteristics and birth care | |||
Antenatal care number of visits | 0.019 | ||
1–4 | 3 (2) | 10 (7.9) | |
≥ 5 | 149 (98) | 116 (92.1) | |
Practicing contraception methods | 0.898 | ||
Yes | 70 (46.1) | 59 (46.8) | |
No | 82 (53.9) | 67 (53.2) | |
Personal pathological history | 0.571 | ||
None | 118 (77.6) | 106 (84.1) | |
Preeclampsia | 10 (6.6) | 6 (4.8) | |
Hypothyroidism | 4 (2.6) | 3 (2.4) | |
Diabetes | 2 (1.3) | 4 (3.2) | |
Other | 18 (11.9) | 7 (5.5) | |
Health facility delivery | 0.007 | ||
Public | 122 (80.3) | 83 (65.9) | |
Private | 30 (19.7) | 43 (34.1) | |
Parity | 0.003 | ||
Primiparous | 95 (62.5) | 56 (44.4) | |
Multiparous | 57 (37.5) | 70 (55.6) | |
Mode of delivery | 0.104 | ||
Vaginal | 92 (60.5) | 64 (50.8) | |
Cesarean | 60 (39.5) | 62 (49.2) | |
Postpartum hypertension | 0.459 | ||
None | 143 (94.1) | 121 (96.0) | |
Transient | 9 (5.9) | 5 (4.0) | |
Postpartum infection | 0.055 | ||
None | 147 (96.7) | 111 (88.1) | |
Vaginal infection | 4 (2.6) | 10 (7.9) | |
Other | 1 (0.7) | 5 (4.0) | |
Postpartum hemorrhage | 0.233 | ||
None | 131 (86.2) | 101(80.2) | |
Genital tract tear | 14 (9.2) | 16 (12.7) | |
Other | 7 (4.6) | 9 (7.1) | |
Companion during labor and childbirth | 0.712 | ||
Spouse/partner | 112 (73.7) | 94 (74.6) | |
Other family members | 32 (21.1) | 23 (18.3) | |
Other | 8 (5.3) | 9 (7.1) | |
Skin-to-skin contact after delivery | 0.197 | ||
Yes | 103 (67.1) | 76 (60.3) | |
No | 49 (32.9) | 50 (39.7) | |
24-hour rooming-in | 0.001 | ||
Yes | 145 (95.4) | 90 (71.4) | |
No | 7 (4.6) | 36 (28.6) | |
Early initiation of breastfeeding. | 0.066 | ||
Yes | 82 (53.9) | 54 (42.9) | |
No | 70 (46.1) | 72 (57.1) | |
Infant feeding practice at hospital discharge | 0.930 | ||
Exclusive breastfeeding | 102 (66.4) | 69 (54.8) | |
Mixed breast and formula-feeding | 50 (33.6) | 57 (45.2) | |
Maternal intention to breastfeed | 0.105 | ||
Exclusive breastfeeding | 152 (100) | 121 (96) | |
Mixed breast and formula-feeding | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.6) | |
Formula-feeding | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | |
The recommendation given by a health care professional | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.6) | |
Maternal intention to breastfeed, months | 0.003 | ||
>12 months | 123 (80.9) | 80 (63.5) | |
6–12 months | 27 (17.8) | 35 (27.8) | |
0–6 months | 2 (1.3) | 11 (8.7) | |
Decision on infant feeding method | 0.278 | ||
Mother´s decision | 88 (57.9) | 73 (57.9) | |
Health care professional | 32 (21) | 19 (15.1) | |
Partner/family members | 25 (16.5) | 29 (23.0) | |
Newspapers, magazines, brochures, television, internet sites | 7 (4.6) | 5 (4.0) | |