Fig. 1

Identification of tRNA-derived fragments in control and PTL groups. (A) Analysis of the tRF processing pathway. (B-D) Differential expression of tRNA fragments (volcano plot and cluster plot) from the PRJNA415953 dataset in extracellular vesicles (EVs). (E) Density distribution of tsRNA abundance in EVs (PRJNA415953). (F-G) Comparative tsRNA content in EVs from normal and PTL groups across sample types (PRJNA415953). (H-J) Expression levels of EV-derived tsRNA1 (tRNA Gly GCC-5p-tRF-921), tsRNA2 (tRNA-Asp-GTC-3p-tR-half-547), and tsRNA3 (tRNA-Gly-GCC-5p-tR-half-368) in PTL vs. controls. Note: Partial content was created in BioRender. Wu, Y. (2025) https://BioRender.com/c40q119