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Table 4 Themes and subthemes identified in interviews with providers caring for incarcerated pregnant individuals

From: Is that a policy thing or is that a guard thing?”: A qualitative study of providers’ experiences supporting pregnant individuals incarcerated in Ontario, Canada

Themes

Sub-themes

1. Operating within a fragmented system

• Disconnected service delivery

• Lack of communication

• Ambiguity in follow-up care

2. Knowing too little

• Absence of training

• Partial view of the whole story

• Do they still have rights?

3. Witnessing dehumanization

• Stigmatization

• Cultural disallowance

• Displaced agency

• Erosion of confidentiality

4. Feeling powerless

• Restricted access to clients

• Acquiescing to power dynamics

• Perceived outsider identity

5. Enduring occupational stress

• Confronting ethical paradoxes

• Burnout

• Staffing limitations